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Corpus: Hyoid bone

from ancient Greek: ῡ̔οειδής ("huoeides") - U-shaped

1. Definition

The hyoid bone is a small, horseshoe-shaped bone sometimes counted to the bones of the skull. It is connected via the right and left stylohyoid ligaments to the styloid process of the temporal bone and has no articular connection to other bones.

2. Anatomy

2.1. Overview

The hyoid bone is located approximately at the level of the third to fourth cervical vertebrae. The following relevant structures can be distinguished:

  • Hyoid bone body (Corpus ossis hyoidei)
  • Large hyoid horns (Cornua majora ossis hyoidei)
  • Small hyoid horns (Cornua minora ossis hyoidei)

2.2. Musculature

The following muscles insert at the hyoid bone:

In addition, the hyoid bone serves as the origin for

2.3. Ligaments

Numerous ligaments attach to the hyoid bone, transmitting movements to the larynx:

The stylohyoid ligament attaches the hyoid bone cranially to the styloid process of the temporal bone.

2.4. Vascular supply

The hyoid bone is supplied with blood by the lingual artery.

3. Embryology

The small hyoid horns develop from the Reichert's cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch, while the large hyoid horns and the body of the hyoid bone develop from the third pharyngeal arch.

4. Ossification

Endochondral ossification of the hyoid bone begins at the small horns and occurs relatively late, involving a total of six ossification centers: one per horn and two in the hyoid body. After birth, the structure is still predominantly cartilaginous, with ossification completing by puberty at the latest.

5. Function

The hyoid bone transmits force between the supra- and infrahyoid muscles and the pharyngeal muscles during swallowing. It acts as a movable support and starting point for redirecting force. Due to its ligamentous attachment to the base of the skull, it stabilizes the larynx against gravitational force and muscle tension from the infrahyoid muscles.

6. Clinic

A hyoid fracture due to neck trauma is very rare due to the bone's flexibility. In forensic medicine, a hyoid fracture can indicate focused violence to the neck, such as in cases of hanging or strangulation.

Stichworte: Bone, Corpus, Neck

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Dr. rer. nat. Fabienne Reh
DocCheck Team
Dr. Frank Antwerpes
Arzt | Ärztin
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Letzter Edit:
28.10.2024, 16:33
17 Aufrufe
Nutzung: BY-NC-SA
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