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==Definition==
==Definition==
The term '''thigh''' refers to the proximal section of the lower limb that is connected to the lower leg (crus, zeugopodium) via the knee joint and connects the lower limb to the pelvis and thus to the trunk via the hip joint.
The term '''thigh''' refers to the proximal portion of the [[Corpus:Lower limb|lower limb]]. It connects to the [[Corpus:Lower leg|lower leg]] through the [[Corpus:Knee joint|knee joint]] and to the [[Corpus:Trunk|trunk]] via the [[Corpus:Hip joint|hip joint]].


==Topography==
==Topography==
The thigh is bounded proximally in front by the inguinal sulcus and posteriorly by the gluteal sulcus. Distally it ends about 4-5 cm above the patella. Its shape is defined almost exclusively by its musculature.
The thigh is bordered proximally by the inguinal groove at the front and the gluteal crease at the back. Distally, it ends about 4–5 cm above the [[Corpus:Patella|patella]]. Its muscular structure primarily determines its shape.


The front of the thigh is known as the anterior femoral region. This is where the femoral triangle (trigonum femoris) is located. The back is called the posterior femoral region.
The front part of the thigh is referred to as the anterior femoral region, which includes the femoral triangle. The back part is called the posterior femoral region.


==Skeleton==
==Skeleton==
The femur forms the bony basis of the thigh.
The [[Corpus:Femur|femur]] forms the [[Corpus:Bone|bony]] basis of the thigh.


==Musculature==
==Musculature==
The femur serves as the point of origin or attachment for a whole series of muscles, for example the outer hip muscles and the lower leg muscles. However, the actual fleshy mass of the thigh is formed by the thigh muscles, which can be categorised into three groups:
The femur serves as the point of orign or attachment for many [[Corpus:Muscle|muscles]], including muscles of the [[Corpus:Hip|hip]] and lower leg. However, the bulk of the thigh is composed of its own muscles, which are grouped into three categories:
 
===Thigh leg extensors===
===Thigh leg extensors===
* Quadriceps femoris muscle
* [[Corpus:Quadriceps femoris muscle|Quadriceps femoris muscle]]
* Sartorius muscle
* [[Corpus:Sartorius muscle|Sartorius muscle]]
===Femoral flexors===
===Femoral flexors===
* Biceps femoris muscle
* [[Corpus:Biceps femoris muscle|Biceps femoris muscle]]
* Semitendinosus muscle
* [[Corpus:Semitendinosus muscle|Semitendinosus muscle]]
* Semimembranosus muscle
* [[Corpus:Semimembranosus muscle|Semimembranosus muscle]]
===Femoral adductor muscles===
===Femoral adductor muscles===
*Pectineus muscle
*[[Corpus:Pectineus muscle|Pectineus muscle]]
*Adductor Longus Muscle
*[[Corpus:Adductor longus muscle|Adductor longus muscle]]
*Adductor Brevis Muscle
*[[Corpus:Adductor brevis muscle|Adductor brevis muscle]]
*Adductor Magnus Muscle
*[[Corpus:Adductor magnus muscle|Adductor magnus muscle]]
*Gracilis Muscle
*[[Corpus:Gracilis muscle|Gracilis muscle]]
The thigh adductors are categorised by some authors as part of the hip musculature.
Some authors consider the adductor muscles as part of the [[Corpus:Hip musculature|hip musculature]].


==Pathways==
==Pathways==
===Arteries===
===Arteries===
The most important artery of the thigh is the femoral artery, which is a continuation of the external iliac artery. At the level of the knee joint, it becomes the popliteal artery. The arterial supply to the tissue areas adjacent to the gluteal region is partly provided by branches of the internal iliac artery.
The primary artery of the thigh is the [[Corpus:Femoral artery|femoral artery]], which is a continuation of the [[Corpus:External iliac artery|external iliac artery]]. At the knee joint, it transitions into the [[Corpus:Popliteal artery|popliteal artery]]. Additionally, blood supply to regions near the gluteal area comes from branches of the [[Corpus:Internal iliac artery|internal iliac artery]].


===Veins===
===Veins===
The venous blood of the lower extremity is drained proximally via two systems.
Venous blood from the lower limb is drained through two systems:
* Vena saphena magna and vena saphena parva are superficial and epifascial.
 
* Vena poplitea and vena profunda femoris lie deep and subfascial.
* Superficial [[Corpus:Vein|veins]]: the [[Corpus:Great saphenous vein|great saphenous vein]] and the [[Corpus:Small saphenous vein|small saphenous vein]], which lie above the [[Corpus:Fascia|fascia]].
The venous blood from these tributary veins is channelled to the femoral vein, which accompanies the femoral artery.
* Deep veins: the [[Corpus:Popliteal vein|popliteal vein]] and the [[Corpus:Deep femoral vein|deep femoral vein]], located beneath the fascia.
 
Both systems ultimately drain into the femoral vein, which runs alongside the femoral artery.
 
=== Nerves ===
The major [[Corpus:Nerve|nerves]] of the thigh originate from the [[Corpus:Lumbosacral plexus|lumbosacral plexus]] and include:
 
* [[Corpus:Femoral nerve|Femoral nerve]]
* [[Corpus:Sciatic nerve|Sciatic nerve]]
 
Other significant nerves in the thigh include:
 
* [[Corpus:Obturator nerve|Obturator nerve]]
* [[Corpus:Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve|Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve]]
* [[Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve]]


===Nerves===
The large leg nerves originate from the lumbosacral plexus. They include:
* Femoral nerve
* Sciatic nerve
Other important nerves of the thigh are
* Obturator nerve
* Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
* Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
[[Kategorie:Corpus]]
[[Kategorie:Corpus]]
[[Kategorie:Lower extremity]]
[[Kategorie:Lower extremity]]
[[Kategorie:Leg]]
[[Kategorie:Leg]]
[[Kategorie:Orthopedics]]
[[Kategorie:Surgery]]
[[Kategorie:Anatomy]]
[[Kategorie:Anatomy]]

Aktuelle Version vom 19. Dezember 2024, 16:15 Uhr

Definition

The term thigh refers to the proximal portion of the lower limb. It connects to the lower leg through the knee joint and to the trunk via the hip joint.

Topography

The thigh is bordered proximally by the inguinal groove at the front and the gluteal crease at the back. Distally, it ends about 4–5 cm above the patella. Its muscular structure primarily determines its shape.

The front part of the thigh is referred to as the anterior femoral region, which includes the femoral triangle. The back part is called the posterior femoral region.

Skeleton

The femur forms the bony basis of the thigh.

Musculature

The femur serves as the point of orign or attachment for many muscles, including muscles of the hip and lower leg. However, the bulk of the thigh is composed of its own muscles, which are grouped into three categories:

Thigh leg extensors

Femoral flexors

Femoral adductor muscles

Some authors consider the adductor muscles as part of the hip musculature.

Pathways

Arteries

The primary artery of the thigh is the femoral artery, which is a continuation of the external iliac artery. At the knee joint, it transitions into the popliteal artery. Additionally, blood supply to regions near the gluteal area comes from branches of the internal iliac artery.

Veins

Venous blood from the lower limb is drained through two systems:

Both systems ultimately drain into the femoral vein, which runs alongside the femoral artery.

Nerves

The major nerves of the thigh originate from the lumbosacral plexus and include:

Other significant nerves in the thigh include: