Corpus: Lower leg

The lower leg is the portion of the lower limb that starts at the knee joint and extends distally, with the tibia at the front and the calf muscles at the back. It transitions into the foot at the talocrural joint.

The skeleton of the lower leg consists of the tibia and fibula, which are connected by ligaments, primarily the tibiofibular ligament and the interosseous membrane.

The muscles of the lower leg are divided into extensors on the ventral (front) side and flexors on the dorsal (back) side. Additionally, the three muscles of the peroneus group are located on the lateral side of the lower leg. These muscles are responsible not only for moving the lower leg at the knee joint and the foot at the ankle joints but also for moving the toes.

The innervation of the lower leg muscles is primarily provided by the tibial and fibular nerves, which originate from the lumbosacral plexus.

The lower leg can be flexed or extended in one plane in the knee joint and also rotated to a small extent in the flexed position; the foot can also be flexed, pronated and supinated in the ankle joints.