Corpus: Posterior cerebral artery: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Definition

The posterior cerebral artery, or PCA for short, is a branch of the basilar artery and is one of the three primary arteries supplying the brain.

Anatomy

The paired posterior cerebral arteries arise from the bifurcation of the unpaired basilar artery within the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis). Each PCA connects to the middle cerebral artery via the posterior communicating artery, forming an arterioarterial anastomosis. The PCA then wraps around the cerebral peduncles, travels through the cisterna ambiens, and continues through the tentorial notch to supply the caudal surface of the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe along the parahippocampal gyrus.

Segments

The posterior cerebral artery is divided into four segments, with the P1 segment separated from the P2 segment by the junction of the posterior communicating artery. These segments are often referred to as pre-communicating and post-communicating:

P1: Pre-communicating segment: Runs through the interpeduncular cistern
P2: Post-communicating segment: Runs through the cisterna ambiens
P3: Quadrigeminal segment: Passes through the quadrigeminal cistern
P4: Terminal segment

In some literature, the P3 segment is associated with the lateral occipital artery, and the P4 segment with the medial occipital artery.

Topography

The posterior cerebral artery is anatomically close to the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain and the oculomotor nerve.

Branches

The posterior cerebral artery gives rise to various central, choroidal, and cortical branches. The individual anatomy of these branches can vary.

Central Branches

Thalamic perforating artery (P1)
Collicular artery (P1)
Short circumferential arteries (P1)
Posteromedial central arteries (P1)
Posterolateral central arteries (P2)
Thalamogeniculate branch (P2)
Peduncular branches (P2)

Choroidal Branches

The medial and lateral posterior choroidal branches can also arise from a common trunk as the posterior choroidal artery.

Cortical Branches

Anterior temporal branches (P3)
Posterior temporal branches (P3)
Lateral occipital artery (P3)
Medial occipital artery (P4)
Calcarine branch
Parieto-occipital branch
Posterior pericallosal artery

Supply area

The posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobe, the basal surface of the temporal lobe, the hippocampus, the thalamus, and the posterior sections of the hypothalamus. It also sends branches to the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles.

Norm variant

The fetal posterior cerebral artery is a common anatomical variant, occurring in 20 to 30 % of individuals. In this variant, the PCA is primarily supplied by the internal carotid artery rather than the basilar artery.

Clinic

Occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery can result in posterior infarction. A unilateral occlusion typically causes visual field loss on the opposite side (homonymous hemianopsia). In rare cases, bilateral occlusion may lead to cortical blindness. Occlusion of specific branches can cause distinct neurological syndromes, such as thalamic syndrome if the central branches are affected.

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-{{Raw}}
 ==Definition==
-The '''posterior cerebral artery''', or '''PCA''' for short, is a branch of the basilar artery and is one of the three main arterial vessels of the brain.
+The '''posterior cerebral artery''', or '''PCA''' for short, is a branch of the [[Corpus:Basilar artery|basilar artery]] and is one of the three primary [[Corpus:Artery|arteries]] supplying the [[Corpus:Brain|brain]].
 ==Anatomy==
-The paired posterior cerebral artery arises in the cerebral arterial circle from the division of the unpaired basilar artery. It is connected to the middle cerebral artery on both sides by an
+The paired posterior cerebral arteries arise from the bifurcation of the unpaired basilar artery within the [[Corpus:Cerebral arterial circle|cerebral arterial circle]] (Circle of Willis). Each PCA connects to the [[Corpus:Middle cerebral artery|middle cerebral artery]] via the [[Corpus:Posterior communicating artery|posterior communicating artery]], forming an arterioarterial anastomosis. The PCA then wraps around the [[Corpus:Cerebral peduncles|cerebral peduncles]], travels through the [[Corpus:Cisterna ambiens|cisterna ambiens]], and continues through the [[Corpus:Tentorial notch|tentorial notch]] to supply the caudal surface of the [[Corpus:Temporal lobe|temporal lobe]] and the [[Corpus:Occipital lobe|occipital lobe]] along the [[Corpus:Parahippocampal gyrus|parahippocampal gyrus]].
-arterioarterial vascular anastomosis, the posterior communicating artery. The cerebral vessel runs around the pedunculi cerebri into the cisterna ambiens, then through the incisura tentorii onto the caudal surface of the temporal lobe and along the parahippocampal gyrus to the occipital lobe.
 ===Segments===
-A distinction is made between four segments of the posterior cerebral artery, whereby the P1 segment is separated from the P2 segment by the junction of the posterior communicating artery - hence they are called the pre-communicating and post-communicating segments.
+The posterior cerebral artery is divided into four segments, with the P1 segment separated from the P2 segment by the junction of the posterior communicating artery. These segments are often referred to as pre-communicating and post-communicating:
-* P1: Pre-communicating segment: It runs through the cisterna interpeduncularis.
-* P2: Postcommunical segment: It runs through the cisterna ambiens.
+* P1: Pre-communicating segment: Runs through the interpeduncular cistern
-* P3: Quadrigeminal segment: It runs through the quadrigeminal cistern.
+* P2: Post-communicating segment: Runs through the cisterna ambiens
+* P3: Quadrigeminal segment: Passes through the quadrigeminal cistern
 * P4: Terminal segment
-In the literature, the P3 segment is sometimes also equated with the lateral occipital artery and the P4 segment with the medial occipital artery.
+In some literature, the P3 segment is associated with the [[Corpus:Lateral occipital artery|lateral occipital artery]], and the P4 segment with the [[Corpus:Medial occipital artery|medial occipital artery]].
 ===Topography===
-The posterior cerebral artery is in close topographical relation to the cerebral crura of the midbrain and to the oculomotor nerve.
+The posterior cerebral artery is anatomically close to the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain and the [[Corpus:Oculomotor nerve|oculomotor nerve.]]
 ===Branches===
-Various central, choroidal and cortical branches can be distinguished in the posterior cerebral artery. As with other cerebral arteries, the individual anatomy can be varied.
+The posterior cerebral artery gives rise to various central, choroidal, and cortical branches. The individual anatomy of these branches can vary.
-====Central branches====
-They are also known as perforating branches or ganglionic branches.
+=== Central Branches ===
-* Arteria thalami perforans (P1)
-* Arteria collicularis (P1)
+* [[Corpus:Thalamic perforating artery|Thalamic perforating artery]] (P1)
-* Arteriae circumferentiales breves (P1)
+* [[Corpus:Collicular artery|Collicular artery]] (P1)
-* Arteriae centrales posteromediales (P1)
+* [[Corpus:Short circumferential arteries|Short circumferential arteries]] (P1)
-* Arteriae centrales posterolaterales (P2)
+* [[Corpus:Posteromedial central arteries|Posteromedial central arteries]] (P1)
-* Ramus thalamogeniculatus (P2)
+* [[Corpus:Posterolateral central arteries|Posterolateral central arteries]] (P2)
-* Rami pedunculares (P2)
+* Thalamogeniculate branch (P2)
+* Peduncular branches (P2)
+=== Choroidal Branches ===
+* [[Corpus:Medial posterior choroidal branches|Medial posterior choroidal branches]] (P2)
+* [[Corpus:Lateral posterior choroidal branches|Lateral posterior choroidal branches]] (P2)
+The medial and lateral posterior choroidal branches can also arise from a common trunk as the posterior choroidal artery.
-====Choroidal branches====
+=== Cortical Branches ===
-* Rami choroidei posteriores mediales (P2)
-* Rami choroidei posteriores laterales (P2)
-The medial and lateral posterior choroidal rami can also branch off from the posterior cerebral artery with a common trunk as the posterior choroidal artery.
-====Cortical branches====
+* Anterior temporal branches (P3)
-The cortical branches supply areas of the cerebral cortex.
+* Posterior temporal branches (P3)
-* Rami temporales anteriores (P3)
+* [[Corpus:Lateral occipital artery|Lateral occipital artery]] (P3)
-* Rami temporales posteriores (P3)
+* [[Corpus:Medial occipital artery|Medial occipital artery]] (P4)
-* Lateral occipital artery (P3)
+* Calcarine branch
-* Medial occipital artery (P4)
+* Parieto-occipital branch
-** Ramus calcarinus
+* [[Corpus:Posterior pericallosal artery|Posterior pericallosal artery]]
-** Ramus parietooccipitalis
-** Posterior pericallosal artery
 ===Supply area===
-The posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobe, the basal surface of the temporal lobe, the hippocampus, the thalamus and the posterior sections of the hypothalamus. The artery also sends branches to the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles.
+The posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobe, the basal surface of the temporal lobe, the [[Corpus:Hippocampus|hippocampus]], the [[Corpus:Thalamus|thalamus]], and the posterior sections of the [[Corpus:Hypothalamus|hypothalamus]]. It also sends branches to the [[Corpus:Choroid plexus|choroid plexus]] of the lateral [[Corpus:Cerebral ventricle|ventricles]].
-===Norm variant===
+=== Norm variant ===
-The so-called foetal posterior cerebral artery is a normal variant that occurs frequently (20-30%). In this case, the vessel is primarily fed via the internal carotid artery.
+The fetal posterior cerebral artery is a common anatomical variant, occurring in 20 to 30 % of individuals. In this variant, the PCA is primarily supplied by the [[Corpus:Internal carotid artery|internal carotid artery]] rather than the basilar artery.
 ==Clinic==
-Occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery leads to posterior infarction. A unilateral occlusion is accompanied by visual field loss on the opposite side (homonymous hemianopsia). The rare bilateral occlusion results in cortical blindness. Occlusion of individual branches can lead to very different neurological syndromes, e.g. thalamic syndrome if the central branches are affected.
+Occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery can result in posterior infarction. A unilateral occlusion typically causes visual field loss on the opposite side (homonymous hemianopsia). In rare cases, bilateral occlusion may lead to cortical blindness. Occlusion of specific branches can cause distinct neurological syndromes, such as thalamic syndrome if the central branches are affected.
 [[Kategorie:Corpus]]
 [[Kategorie:Artery]]
+[[Kategorie:Brain]]