Corpus: Temporal lobe
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This text has been translated by an AI and may sound raw. It will be reviewed shortly. Thank you for your patience!
Synonyms: temporal lobe, temporal lobe
English:
Definition[Bearbeiten]
The temporal lobe or temporal brain is an anatomical part of the cerebrum (telencephalon) that lies below and to the side of the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe.
Anatomy[Bearbeiten]
The temporal lobe is located in the middle cranial fossa (Fossa cranii media) and forms the laterobasal part of the cerebrum. It is bounded superiorly and medially by the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure). Its most anterior part is the temporal pole (temporal pole).
The temporal lobe is home to the auditory cortex and the hippocampus, among other things.
Surface[Bearbeiten]
The temporal lobe usually has 3 cerebral convolutions (gyri) and 2 furrows (sulci) on its lateral surface. From parietal to ventral these are:
- superior temporal gyrus
- superior temporal sulcus
- medial temporal gyrus
- inferior temporal sulcus
- Inferior temporal gyrus
A similar surface relief is recognisable on the medioventral surface of the temporal lobe. From medial to lateral it is composed of:
- medial occipitotemporal gyrus
- parahippocampal gyrus with uncus (anterior part, temporal lobe)
- lingual gyrus (posterior part, occipital lobe)
- sulcus collateralis
- Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
- occipitotemporal sulcus
- Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus marks the boundary between the two surfaces of the temporal lobe.
Vascular supply[Bearbeiten]
The basal and posterior medial part of the temporal lobe is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery. The arterial blood supply for the lateral and anterior medial part is provided by branches of the middle cerebral artery. The venous blood collects in the transverse and cavernous sinus via the superficial descending cerebral veins and the superficial cerebral vein.
Clinic[Bearbeiten]
The temporal lobe can be damaged in the context of cerebral infarctions, for example in medial infarction. If the dominant hemisphere is affected, symptoms such as aphasia, dyslexia and/or memory impairment occur.
Other neurological diseases in which the temporal lobe is involved are
- Pick's disease, a degenerative brain disease that leads to shrinkage of the temporal lobe
- Temporal lobe epilepsy, a focal form of epilepsy that originates in the temporal lobe