Corpus: Spinous process

The spinous process is an unpaired bony process that originates — pointing dorsally — from the vertebral arch of a vertebra. It serves as an attachment site for muscles, fascia, and ligaments of the back.

2.1. Cervical spine

In the cervical spine, the spinous processes are typically bifid and relatively short. The spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, known as the vertebra prominens, is particularly prominent and easily palpable, making it an important landmark in clinical examinations. The spinous process of the 6th cervical vertebra is often the most superior process that can be distinctly palpated through the skin.

2.2. Thoracic spine

In the thoracic spine, the spinous processes are long and angled downward. Their arrangement, resembling overlapping roof tiles, restricts dorsal extension of the spine. The first thoracic vertebra usually has the longest spinous process in this region.

2.3. Lumbar spine

In the lumbar spine, the spinous processes project directly posteriorly. This orientation allows for easy access during lumbar punctures.

2.4. Sacrum

In the sacral region, the spinous processes are fused to form the median sacral crest.