Corpus: Foramen magnum
from Latin: foramen magnum - large hole
1. Definition
The term foramen magnum refers to the opening in the area of the posterior fossa through which the medulla oblongata passes and is thus connected to the spinal cord.
2. Anatomy
The foramen magnum is situated in the occipital bone. In addition to the medulla oblongata, the following structures pass through the foramen:
- Spinal root of the accessory nerve (nerve XI)
- Vertebral arteries (left and right)
- Anterior spinal artery
- Posterior spinal arteries (left and right)
- Spinal vein
- Tectorial membrane
- Alar ligaments
Additionally, the foramen magnum marks the transition point where the cranial dura mater becomes the spinal dura mater.