Corpus: Inferior gluteal nerve

The inferior gluteal nerve is a mixed peripheral nerve that originates from the sacral plexus. It contains fibres from the spinal cord segments L5 to S2.

The inferior gluteal nerve emerges from the sacral plexus caudal to the superior gluteal nerve. It runs together with the sciatic nerve to the infrapiriform foramen. It leaves the small pelvis through the foramen - together with other pathways - and travels to the gluteal region. At the lower edge of the piriformis muscle, it divides into numerous rami musculares, which enter the muscle body of the gluteus maximus and supply it with motor energy.

The inferior gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus maximus muscle and sends sensitive branches to the joint capsule of the hip joint.

Lesions of the inferior gluteal nerve, for example due to incorrect i.m. injections or compression of the nerve, can cause a unilateral loss of function of the gluteus maximus muscle. Double-sided isolated failure of the inferior gluteal nerve is a rarity.

The paresis severely impairs the extension and external rotation of the thigh in the hip joint in particular. This typically leads to difficulties when standing up from a sitting position and when climbing stairs. Paraesthesia does not occur. Normal walking is less affected as the ischiocrural muscles can largely compensate for the loss.