Corpus: Scalp: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

Aktuelle Version vom 2. Dezember 2024, 17:00 Uhr

Definition

The scalp is a robust and highly resistant composite tissue made up of the skin, subcutaneous layer, and the epicranial aponeurosis, which is stretched over the calvaria.

Anatomy

The scalp in adults has a thickness of approximately 4 to 5 mm. The epicranial aponeurosis is connected to the periosteum of the skull bones (pericranium) by loose connective tissue, which allows some degree of mobility of the scalp. This mobility is influenced by the tension of the epicranial muscles.

Vascular supply

The scalp receives its arterial blood supply primarily from the temporal and occipital arteries. Venous drainage involves the superficial temporal, occipital, posterior auricular, and retromandibular veins. These veins communicate with the cerebral sinuses inside the skull through diploic veins, forming a connection between the external and internal venous systems.

Nerves

Sensory innervation of the scalp is provided by:

Clinic

Injuries to the scalp, such as lacerations caused by direct trauma, often result in significant bleeding due to the rich vascularization of the region, even for relatively small wounds. Treatment typically involves surgical suturing. Swelling or hematomas of the scalp can occur due to perinatal injuries during birth or as a result of traumatic brain injuries. These conditions are classified by location:

Caput succedaneum: Subcutaneous above the epicranial aponeurosis
Subgaleal hematoma: Between the epicranial aponeurosis and the pericranium
Cephalohematoma: Subperiosteal between the pericranium and the cranial bone, and limited by cranial sutures

Memory aid

The English acronym SCALP serves as a mnemonic for the structure of the cephalic ridge:

S - Skin
C - Dense connective tissue
A - Epicranial aponeurosis
L - Loose areolar connective tissue
P - Periosteum

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-{{Raw}}
 ==Definition==
-The '''scalp''' is a coarse and very resistant tissue composite of scalp, subcutis and tendon cap (Galea aponeurotica), which is stretched over the skullcap.
+The '''scalp''' is a robust and highly resistant composite tissue made up of the [[Corpus:Skin|skin]], subcutaneous layer, and the [[Corpus:Epicranial aponeurosis|epicranial aponeurosis]], which is stretched over the [[Corpus:Calvaria|calvaria]].
 ==Anatomy==
-The scalp has a thickness of about 4 to 5 mm in adults. The tendon cap of the cranial vault is connected to the periosteum of the skull bones (pericranium) via loose connective tissue and thus allows a certain degree of mobility of the cranial vault - e.g. through the muscle tension of the epicranial muscles.
+The scalp in adults has a thickness of approximately 4 to 5 mm. The epicranial aponeurosis is connected to the [[Corpus:Periosteum|periosteum]] of the [[Corpus:Skull bones|skull bones]] ([[Corpus:Pericranium|pericranium]]) by loose [[Corpus:Connective tissue|connective tissue]], which allows some degree of mobility of the scalp. This mobility is influenced by the tension of the [[Corpus:Epicranial muscles|epicranial muscles]].
 ===Vascular supply===
-The arterial supply to the scalp is mainly via the temporal artery and the occipital artery. The superficial temporal vein, the occipital vein, the posterior auricular vein and the retromandibular vein are involved in the venous drainage. These veins communicate with the cerebral sinuses inside the skull via diploevenes.
+The scalp receives its arterial blood supply primarily from the [[Corpus:Temporal artery|temporal]] and [[Corpus:Occipital artery|occipital arteries]]. Venous drainage involves the [[Corpus:Superficial temporal vein|superficial temporal]], [[Corpus:Occipital vein|occipital]], [[Corpus:Posterior auricular vein|posterior auricular]], and [[Corpus:Retromandibular vein|retromandibular veins]]. These veins communicate with the [[Corpus:Cerebral sinus|cerebral sinuses]] inside the skull through diploic veins, forming a connection between the external and internal venous systems.
 ===Nerves===
-The sensory supply of the scalp is mediated by the following nerves:
+Sensory innervation of the scalp is provided by:
-* Frontal nerve
+* [[Corpus:Frontal nerve|Frontal nerve]]
-* Auriculotemporal nerve
+* [[Corpus:Auriculotemporal nerve|Auriculotemporal nerve]]
-* Major occipital nerve
+* [[Corpus:Greater occipital nerve|Greater occipital nerve]]
-* Minor occipital nerve
+* [[Corpus:Lesser occipital nerve|Lesser occipital nerve]]
 ==Clinic==
-Direct violence to the skull usually leads to head lacerations. The good vascularisation of the scalp ensures impressive bleeding in relation to the actual size of the wound. Scalp lacerations are treated surgically by suturing the wound.
+Injuries to the scalp, such as lacerations caused by direct trauma, often result in significant bleeding due to the rich vascularization of the region, even for relatively small wounds. Treatment typically involves surgical suturing.
+Swelling or hematomas of the scalp can occur due to perinatal injuries during birth or as a result of traumatic brain injuries. These conditions are classified by location:
-Oedema or haematomas in the area of the scalp occur with perinatal injuries during birth or as part of a traumatic brain injury. Depending on the localisation, a distinction is made between
+* Caput succedaneum: Subcutaneous above the epicranial aponeurosis
-* Caput succedaneum: subcutaneous above the galea aponeurotica
+* Subgaleal hematoma: Between the epicranial aponeurosis and the pericranium
-* Subgaleal haematoma: between the galea and pericranium
+* Cephalohematoma: Subperiosteal between the pericranium and the cranial bone, and limited by cranial sutures
-* Cephalhaematoma: subperiosteal between the pericranium and the cranial bone. Limited by the sutures.
 ==Memory aid==
 The English acronym SCALP serves as a mnemonic for the structure of the cephalic ridge:
-* '''S''' - skin
+* '''S''' - Skin
-* '''C''' - dense connective tissue
+* '''C''' - Dense connective tissue
-* '''A''' - epicranial aponeurosis
+* '''A''' - Epicranial aponeurosis
-* '''L''' - loose areolar connective tissue
+* '''L''' - Loose areolar connective tissue
-* '''P''' - periosteum
+* '''P''' - Periosteum
 [[Kategorie:Corpus]]
 [[Kategorie:Head]]