Corpus: Posterior superior alveolar nerve
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1. Definition
The superior posterior alveolar nerve is a branch of the infraorbital nerve. Its branches radiate into the superior dental plexus and supply sensitive parts of the maxillary sinus mucosa, the gingiva and the molars.
2. Anatomy
The superior posterior alveolar nerve emerges as a single branch or in the form of two branches from the infraorbital nerve before the latter reaches the infraorbital sulcus. It descends at the maxillary tuberosity and gives off small branches to the neighbouring gingiva and buccal mucosa.
Its fibres then run along the infratemporal surface of the maxilla into the maxillary alveolar canals, where they communicate with the superior median alveolar nerve. Together they form part of the superior dental plexus.
The posterior superior alveolar nerve innervates the molars. The mesiobuccal root of the first molar can also be supplied by the superior median alveolar nerve if it is present.