Corpus: Hypoglossal emissary vein
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Synonym: emissary veins
1. Definition
The term emissary veins or emissary veins refers to venous short-circuit connections between the superficial cranial veins of the cranial vault, the diploevenes and the blood-conducting sinuses of the brain.
2. Veins
- Vena emissaria parietalis (paired): Vena temporalis superficialis <-> superior sagittal sinus
- Vena emissaria mastoidea (paired): occipital vein <-> sigmoid sinus
- Vena emissaria condylaris: Plexus venosus vertebralis externus <-> sigmoid sinus
- Occipital emissary vein: external vertebral venous plexus <-> sigmoid sinus
3. Function
Emissary veins, together with other extracranial veins, serve to equalise pressure and regulate temperature inside the skull.
4. Clinical relevance
Emissary veins have no venous valves. Bidirectional blood flow is therefore possible within these veins, allowing blood from extracranial veins to flow back into the sinus durae matris. Inflammation in the area of the superficial inflow areas (e.g. boils on the scalp) can then result in (septic) sinus thrombosis if the pathogen spreads to the cerebral sinus.