Corpus: Spinalis muscles
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Synonym: Musculus spinalis
1. Definition
The Musculi spinales belong to the interspinal system of the autochthonous back muscles.
2. Classification
The spinal muscles can be regionally divided into three parts:
- Musculus spinalis thoracis
- Musculus spinalis cervicis
- Musculus spinalis capitis
The spinalis capitis muscle is absent in most people.
3. Course
3.1. Origin
The spinalis thoracis muscle originates at the spinous processes of the lower thoracic vertebral bodies (10, 11, 12) and the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebral bodies.
The cervical spinalis muscle originates from the spinous processes of the 4th to 7th cervical vertebrae.
The spinalis capitis muscle, if present, originates from the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae.
3.2. Appendix
The spinalis thoracis muscle attaches to the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae.
The cervical spinalis muscle attaches to the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebrae.
The spinalis capitis muscle attaches between the linea nuchalis superior et inferior (os occipitale) together with the semispinalis capitis muscle.
4. Innervation
The spinal muscles are innervated by the medial branches of the posterior rami of the respective segmental spinal nerves.
5. Function
The spinal muscles in the cervical and thoracic spine extend the spinal column.
The function of the spinalis capitis muscle is unilateral rotation of the head to the opposite side and bilateral dorsiflexion in the atlantooccipital joint and in the cervical spine.