Corpus: Genioglossus muscle
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Synonym: chin-tongue muscle
1. Definition
The genioglossus muscle is a fan-shaped radiating muscle that belongs to the outer tongue musculature and forms a large part of the muscle mass of the tongue.
2. Origin
The origin of the genioglossus muscle is the spinae mentales of the lower jaw.
3. Attachment
The insertion of the genioglossus muscle is formed by the body of the tongue (corpus linguae) and the aponeurosis of the tongue (aponeurosis linguae) as well as - with some fibre tracts - the hyoid bone (os hyoideum) and the epiglottis.
4. Innervation
Innervation is provided by the hypoglossal nerve (XII), which - with the exception of the palatoglossus muscle - also innervates all other tongue muscles.
5. Function
The genioglossus muscle pulls the tongue forwards and downwards (tongue extensor). In conjunction with the other tongue muscles, it is important for chewing, swallowing and speaking.
6. Clinical
In unconsciousness and sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), the slackening of the genioglossus muscle and the resulting falling back of the tongue can lead to obstruction of the airways.
7. Image source
- Podcast image source: © Michael Constantin P. / Unsplash