Corpus: Paranasal sinuses
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Synonym: paranasal sinus
English:
Definition[Bearbeiten]
The term paranasal sinuses or sinus paranasales' refers to air-filled cavities in the skull bones of domestic mammals. They can be compared to the paranasal sinuses of humans.
Embryology[Bearbeiten]
The paranasal sinuses are cavities that lie between the outer and inner lamellae of the skull bones. They are formed during embryonic development by protrusions of the nasal mucosa into the respective bones. The final formation of the individual cavities varies from species to species after birth.
Anatomy[Bearbeiten]
The paranasal sinuses are air-conducting cavities lined with mucous membrane and connected to the nasal cavity (cavum nasi). Due to the pneumatisation of the skull bones, the weight of the head is reduced with large attachment surfaces for muscles and sufficient space for the teeth.
Cavity systems[Bearbeiten]
The following paranasal sinuses are formed on both sides of the skull bones with variations depending on the species:
| Sinus paranasales: | Animal species:' |
|---|---|
| maxillary sinus (maxillary sinus) | all domestic mammals |
| frontal sinus (sinus frontalis) | all domestic mammals |
| Palatine sinus (sinus palatinus) | horse, pig |
| sphenoid sinus | cat, horse, cattle, pig |
| Lacrimal sinus (lacrimal sinus) | ruminant, pig |
| Upper conchal sinus (sinus conchae dorsalis) | horse, ruminant, pig |
| Lower conchal sinus (sinus conchae ventralis) | Horse, cattle, pig |
| Cellulae ethmoidales | ruminant, pig |
Connecting systems[Bearbeiten]
The paranasal sinuses are in contact with the nasal cavity (cavum nasi) as well as with each other in different animal species via connections.
Fleischfresser[Bearbeiten]
In carnivores, the frontal sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity via sieve leg passages, while the maxillary recess must be regarded as a bay of the nasal cavity. The sphenoid sinus, which is only formed in the cat, is accessible through the ventral sieve entrance.
Pig[Bearbeiten]
In pigs, the maxillary sinus and the dorsal conchal sinus are connected to the meatus nasi medius of the nasal cavity. In contrast, the sphenoid sinus, the lacrimal sinus, the cellulae ethmoidales and the frontal sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity via sieve leg passages. The ventral conchal cavity can be reached via the ventral nasal passage.
Ruminants[Bearbeiten]
Ruminants have two groups of paranasal sinuses:
- One group is connected to the middle nasal passage of the nasal cavity. This includes the maxillary sinus on the one hand and the conchal sinus, which is only found in cattle, which in turn is connected medially to the palatine sinus and dorsally to the lacrimal sinus.
- The second group is formed by independent appendages of the ethmoid sinuses, each of which has its own access to the nasal floor. These include the frontal sinuses, the lacrimal sinus (only in small ruminants), the sphenoid sinus (only in cattle), the cellulae ethmoidales and the dorsal conchal sinus.
Horse[Bearbeiten]
In horses, the paranasal sinuses are grouped around the two maxillary sinuses on both sides. They are connected via the apertura nasomaxillaris with the meatus nasi medius of the nasal cavity. The dorsomedial frontal sinus and the caudoventral palatine sphenoid sinus are connected to the caudal maxillary sinus. In contrast, the inferior conchal sinus is connected medially to the rostral maxillary sinus.
Literature[Bearbeiten]
- Nickel, Richard, August Schummer, Eugen Seiferle. Volume I: Musculoskeletal system. Textbook of the anatomy of domestic animals. Parey, 2004