Corpus: Nucleus
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Synonyms: Nucleus, brain nucleus, basal nucleus
English:
Definition[Bearbeiten]
A nuclear area or nucleus is an accumulation (cluster) of nerve cell bodies (perikarya) in the CNS. A nucleus stands out more or less clearly from the surrounding white matter formed from axons.
The equivalent of the CNS core areas in the peripheral nervous system are the ganglia.
Background[Bearbeiten]
The term "core area" is primarily characterised topographically. The nerve cells gathered in a nucleus often have functional similarities, but can also perform very different tasks.
Together with the cerebral cortex, which also consists of nerve cell bodies, the entirety of the brain nuclei is referred to as grey matter. The nuclei are connected to each other by nerve tracts consisting of a large number of axons. This is how incoming and outgoing information is interconnected.
In the spinal cord, the nuclei are less clearly separated from each other and together form the characteristic butterfly profile of the grey matter. They merge via various spinal cord segments to form so-called nuclear columns.
Examples[Bearbeiten]
The human brain has hundreds of different nuclei, which differ greatly in their location, size and shape. Many nuclei have a very complex internal structure and are in turn organised into sub-nuclei.
Cerebellum[Bearbeiten]
- Nucleus dentatus
- Nucleus emboliformis
- Nucleus globosus
- Nucleus fastigii
Thalamus[Bearbeiten]
- Nucleus ventralis anterolateralis
- Posterior ventral nucleus
- anterior thalamic nuclei
- Nuclei mediales thalami
Hypothalamus[Bearbeiten]
- Arcuate nucleus
- Dorsomedial nucleus
- Paraventricular nucleus
- Nucleus periventricularis
- Nucleus suprachiasmaticus
- Nucleus supraopticus
- Nucleus ventromedialis
Basal ganglia[Bearbeiten]
- caudate nucleus
- Lentiform nucleus
Cranial nerve nuclei[Bearbeiten]
- Nucleus accessorius nervi oculomotorii
- Nucleus ambiguus
- Cochlear nuclei
- Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
- Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini
- Nucleus nervi abducentis
- Nucleus nervi accessorii
- Nucleus nervi facialis
- Nucleus nervi hypoglossi
- Nucleus nervi oculomotorii
- Nucleus nervi trochlearis
- Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini
- Nucleus salivatorius superior
- Inferior salivatory nucleus
- Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini
- Nucleus tractus solitarii
- Vestibular nuclei