Corpus: Molar
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Synonym: dens molaris
English:
Definition[Bearbeiten]
The molars are the rear molars in a horse's teeth.
Nomenclature[Bearbeiten]
The molars are specifically numbered according to their position in the dentition and according to the Triadan scheme within the individual quadrants. There are three molars per quadrant of the jaw.
| Localisation | M1 | M2 | M3' |
|---|---|---|---|
| maxilla right | 109 | 110 | 111 |
| maxilla left | 209 | 210 | 211 |
| lower jaw left | 309 | 310 | 311 |
| lower jaw right | 409 | 410 | 411 |
Anatomy[Bearbeiten]
The molars connect distally to the last premolar (P4). Like the premolars, molars are hypselodont teeth, i.e. they have a high crown and short roots. Only after length growth is complete (around the age of 7) are 2 to 3 short roots formed per tooth.
Molars have the usual three-layer structure of a tooth, which has the following hard substances from the outside to the inside:
- Tooth cement (Substania ossea dentis)
- Enamel (enamelum)
- dentin (dentin)
Like the premolars of the maxilla, the molars of the maxilla have two infundibula. They also have five (M1 and M2), six (M3 in the mandible) or seven (M3 in the maxilla) pulp positions. The molars are anatomically localised close to the paranasal sinuses. The M1 in the maxilla protrudes into the rostral maxillary sinus, M2 and M3 protrude into the caudal maxillary sinus.
Eruption times[Bearbeiten]
The molar molars have no deciduous teeth as precursors. They erupt as permanent teeth with the following age of the horse:
| Molar tooth | eruption |
|---|---|
| M1 | 1 to 1.5 years |
| M2 | 1.5 to 2.5 years |
| M3 | 3 to 4 years |
Clinic[Bearbeiten]
The molars are frequently affected by pathologies such as tooth tips, tooth hooks, changes to the occlusal surface (e.g. staircase dentition or wavy dentition). In addition, diseases of the tooth roots can trigger dentogenic sinusitis due to the anatomical proximity.
Sources[Bearbeiten]
- Simon T, Herold I. 2009. Practical guide to dental and jaw diseases in horses. 1st edition. Stuttgart: Parey in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG. ISBN: 978-3-8304-4178-6
- Salomon FV, Geyer H, Uwe G. 2008. Anatomy for veterinary medicine. 2nd, updated and expanded edition. Stuttgart: Enke Verlag in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG. ISBN: 978-3-8304-1075-1