Corpus: Reflex testing

Reflex testing is typically performed using a reflex hammer or other neurological instruments such as a needle or brush. When testing deep tendon reflexes, the examiner uses the reflex hammer to deliver a light tap to the muscle's tendon. The exact technique depends on the specific reflex being tested.

The resulting tendon reflex is an involuntary response to the sudden stretching of muscle spindles caused by the tap. This triggers a muscle contraction via a monosynaptic reflex arc in the spinal cord.

Reflex hammer according to Trömner

Reflexes are always tested on both sides of the body for comparison, which helps in evaluating the reflex response more accurately. The reflex response is usually documented semi-quantitatively by classifying it as "normal," "diminished" (or "weakened"), "exaggerated," or "absent."

For a more precise assessment of reflex intensity, clinical grading scales such as the nine-point Mayo Clinic Scale (MCS) or the NINDS (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) scale are available. However, these scales have limited reliability, as their scoring can vary significantly between examiners. As a result, they are rarely used in routine clinical practice.